![]() Researchers studying supernovas in the the most distant galaxies discovered that distant galaxies were moving away from us faster than nearby galaxies. That notion was thrown out in the late 1990s, however, when two teams of astronomers spotted something that didn’t make any sense. Perhaps it would even someday collapse back in on itself in a Big Crunch. However, astronomers assumed that the combined gravitational pull of all the cosmos’ stars and galaxies should be slowing down the universe’s expansion. As a result, the evidence piled up for the Big Bang. ![]() Telescopic observations have shown that most galaxies are moving away from each other, which implies the galaxies were closer together in the distant past. We call this invisible mass dark matter.”Īstronomers have known that our universe is expanding for about a century now. “There has to be a lot of mass to make the stars orbit so rapidly, but we can’t see it. “Even stars at the periphery are orbiting at high velocities,” Rubin once explained in an interview with Discover. Rubin and Ford had found more evidence that some invisible form of matter is apparently holding the universe together. Instead, they noticed that the stars on a galaxy’s outskirts orbit just as fast - or faster - than the stars closer in. That’s the way planets in our solar system orbit. The stars at a galaxy’s outer edge should circle slower than stars near the center. He speculated that some kind of “dark matter” held them together.ĭecades later, astronomers Vera Rubin and Kent Ford found a similar phenomenon when they studied the rotation rates of individual galaxies. The galaxies moved so fast that they should simply fly apart. The study is published in the journal Nature.In the 1930s, Swiss-born astronomer Fritz Zwicky studied images of the roughly 1,000 galaxies that make up the Coma Cluster - and he spotted something funny about their behavior. Stefan Ulmer of the RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, who is spokesperson for the BASE Collaboration, says, “From now on, we plan to further improve the accuracy of our measurements of the spin precession frequency of the antiproton, allowing us to set more stringent constraints on the fundamental invariance of charge, parity and time, and to make the search for dark matter even more sensitive.” The first author of the study, Christian Smorra, says, “For the first time, we have explicitly searched for interaction between dark matter and antimatter, and though we did not find a difference, we set a new upper limit for the potential interaction between dark matter and antimatter.” Usually, this ought to be consistent in a given magnetic field, and modulation of this frequency could be accounted for by an impact interceded by axion-like particles, which are hypothesized, dark matter candidates. ![]() They also estimated property of the antiproton called its spin precession frequency. For the experiment, they utilized a specially designed device, called a Penning trap, to magnetically trap a single antiproton, keeping it from contacting ordinary matter and being annihilated. Scientists wondered whether the absence of antimatter maybe because it interacts differently with dark matter, and set out to test this. One theory is that they are a type of hypothetical particle known as an axion, which has a vital role in explaining the lack of symmetry violation in the strong interaction in the standard model of particle physics. Still, the exact microscopic properties of these particles remain unknown. In the case of dark matter, it is known from astronomical observations that some unknown mass is influencing the orbits of stars in galaxies.
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